.NET 6 中哈希算法 的简化用途
发布时间：2022-11-25 12:38:34 所属栏目：语言 来源：
导读： 微软在 .NET 6 中引入一些更简单的 API 来使用 HMAC 哈希算法(MD5/SHA1/SHA256/SHA384/SHA512)
微软的叫法叫做 HMAC One-Shoot method, HMAC 算法在普通的哈希算法基础上增加了一个 key，通过 key 提
微软的叫法叫做 HMAC One-Shoot method, HMAC 算法在普通的哈希算法基础上增加了一个 key，通过 key 提
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微软在 .NET 6 中引入一些更简单的 API 来使用 HMAC 哈希算法(MD5/SHA1/SHA256/SHA384/SHA512) 微软的叫法叫做 HMAC One-Shoot method, HMAC 算法在普通的哈希算法基础上增加了一个 key，通过 key 提升了安全性，能够有效避免密码泄露被彩虹表反推出真实密码， JWT(Json Web Token) 除了可以使用 RSA 方式外也支持使用 HMAC 。 New API 新增的 API 定义如下： namespace System.Security.Cryptography { public partial class HMACMD5 { public static byte[] HashData(byte[] key, byte[] source); public static byte[] HashData(ReadOnlySpan<byte> key, ReadOnlySpan<byte> source); public static int HashData(ReadOnlySpan<byte> key, ReadOnlySpan<byte> source, Span<byte> destination); public static bool TryHashData(ReadOnlySpan<byte> key, ReadOnlySpan<byte> source, Span<byte> destination, out int bytesWritten); } public partial class HMACSHA1 { public static byte[] HashData(byte[] key, byte[] source); public static byte[] HashData(ReadOnlySpan<byte> key, ReadOnlySpan<byte> source); public static int HashData(ReadOnlySpan<byte> key, ReadOnlySpan<byte> source, Span<byte> destination); public static bool TryHashData(ReadOnlySpan<byte> key, ReadOnlySpan<byte> source, Span<byte> destination, out int bytesWritten); } public partial class HMACSHA256 { public static byte[] HashData(byte[] key, byte[] source); public static byte[] HashData(ReadOnlySpan<byte> key, ReadOnlySpan<byte> source); public static int HashData(ReadOnlySpan<byte> key, ReadOnlySpan<byte> source, Span<byte> destination); public static bool TryHashData(ReadOnlySpan<byte> key, ReadOnlySpan<byte> source, Span<byte> destination, out int bytesWritten); } public partial class HMACSHA384 { public static byte[] HashData(byte[] key, byte[] source); public static byte[] HashData(ReadOnlySpan<byte> key, ReadOnlySpan<byte> source); public static int HashData(ReadOnlySpan<byte> key, ReadOnlySpan<byte> source, Span<byte> destination); public static bool TryHashData(ReadOnlySpan<byte> key, ReadOnlySpan<byte> source, Span<byte> destination, out int bytesWritten); } public partial class HMACSHA512 { public static byte[] HashData(byte[] key, byte[] source); public static byte[] HashData(ReadOnlySpan<byte> key, ReadOnlySpan<byte> source); public static int HashData(ReadOnlySpan<byte> key, ReadOnlySpan<byte> source, Span<byte> destination); public static bool TryHashData(ReadOnlySpan<byte> key, ReadOnlySpan<byte> source, Span<byte> destination, out int bytesWritten); } } Sample Before 在之前的版本中想要实现计算 HMAC 算法会比较复杂，之前实现了一个 HashHelper 来封装了常用的 Hash 算法和 HMAC 算法，HashHelper 部分代码如下，完整代码可以从 Github 获取：https://github.com/WeihanLi/WeihanLi.Common/blob/dev/src/WeihanLi.Common/Helpers/HashHelper.cs /// <summary> /// 获取哈希之后的字符串 /// </summary> /// <param name="type">哈希类型</param> /// <param name="source">源</param> /// <param name="key">key</param> /// <param name="isLower">是否是小写</param> /// <returns>哈希算法处理之后的字符串</returns> public static string GetHashedString(HashType type, byte[] source, byte[]? key, bool isLower = false) { Guard.NotNull(source, nameof(source)); if (source.Length == 0) { return string.Empty; } var hashedBytes = GetHashedBytes(type, source, key); var sbText = new StringBuilder(); if (isLower) { foreach (var b in hashedBytes) { sbText.Append(b.ToString("x2")); } } else { foreach (var b in hashedBytes) { sbText.Append(b.ToString("X2")); } } return sbText.ToString(); } /// <summary> /// 计算字符串Hash值 /// </summary> /// <param name="type">hash类型</param> /// <param name="str">要hash的字符串</param> /// <returns>hash过的字节数组</returns> public static byte[] GetHashedBytes(HashType type, string str) => GetHashedBytes(type, str, Encoding.UTF8); /// <summary> /// 计算字符串Hash值 /// </summary> /// <param name="type">hash类型</param> /// <param name="str">要hash的字符串</param> /// <param name="encoding">编码类型</param> /// <returns>hash过的字节数组</returns> public static byte[] GetHashedBytes(HashType type, string str, Encoding encoding) { Guard.NotNull(str, nameof(str)); if (str == string.Empty) { return Array.Empty<byte>(); } var bytes = encoding.GetBytes(str); return GetHashedBytes(type, bytes); } /// <summary> /// 获取Hash后的字节数组 /// </summary> /// <param name="type">哈希类型</param> /// <param name="bytes">原字节数组</param> /// <returns></returns> public static byte[] GetHashedBytes(HashType type, byte[] bytes) => GetHashedBytes(type, bytes, null); /// <summary> /// 获取Hash后的字节数组 /// </summary> /// <param name="type">哈希类型</param> /// <param name="key">key</param> /// <param name="bytes">原字节数组</param> /// <returns></returns> public static byte[] GetHashedBytes(HashType type, byte[] bytes, byte[]? key) { Guard.NotNull(bytes, nameof(bytes)); if (bytes.Length == 0) { return bytes; } HashAlgorithm algorithm = null!; try { if (key == null) { algorithm = type switch { HashType.SHA1 => new SHA1Managed(), HashType.SHA256 => new SHA256Managed(), HashType.SHA384 => new SHA384Managed(), HashType.SHA512 => new SHA512Managed(), _ => MD5.Create() }; } else { algorithm = type switch { HashType.SHA1 => new HMACSHA1(key), HashType.SHA256 => new HMACSHA256(key), HashType.SHA384 => new HMACSHA384(key), HashType.SHA512 => new HMACSHA512(key), _ => new HMACMD5(key) }; } return algorithm.ComputeHash(bytes); } finally { algorithm.Dispose(); } } 使用示例如下： HashHelper.GetHashedBytes(HashType.MD5, "test"); HashHelper.GetHashedBytes(HashType.MD5, "test".GetBytes()); HashHelper.GetHashedBytes(HashType.MD5, "test", "testKey"); HashHelper.GetHashedBytes(HashType.MD5, "test".GetBytes(), "testKey".GetBytes()); HashHelper.GetHashedString(HashType.MD5, "test"); HashHelper.GetHashedString(HashType.SHA1, "test".GetBytes()); HashHelper.GetHashedString(HashType.SHA256, "test", "testKey"); HashHelper.GetHashedString(HashType.MD5, "test".GetBytes(), "testKey".GetBytes()); New API Sample 有了新的 API 以后可以怎么简化呢，来看下面的示例： var bytes = "test".GetBytes(); var keyBytes = "test-key".GetBytes(); // HMACMD5 var hmd5V1 = HMACMD5.HashData(keyBytes, bytes); var hmd5V2 = HashHelper.GetHashedBytes(HashType.MD5, bytes, keyBytes); Console.WriteLine(hmd5V2.SequenceEqual(hmd5V1)); // HMACSHA1 var hsha1V1 = HMACSHA1.HashData(keyBytes, bytes); var hsha1V2 = HashHelper.GetHashedBytes(HashType.SHA1, bytes, keyBytes); Console.WriteLine(hsha1V2.SequenceEqual(hsha1V1)); // HMACSHA256 var hsha256V1 = HMACSHA256.HashData(keyBytes, bytes); var hsha256V2 = HashHelper.GetHashedBytes(HashType.SHA256, bytes, keyBytes); Console.WriteLine(hsha256V2.SequenceEqual(hsha256V1)); // HMACSHA384 var hsha384V1 = HMACSHA384.HashData(keyBytes ,bytes); var hsha384V2 = HashHelper.GetHashedBytes(HashType.SHA384, bytes, keyBytes); Console.WriteLine(hsha384V2.SequenceEqual(hsha384V1)); // HMACSHA512 var hsha512V1 = HMACSHA512.HashData(keyBytes ,bytes); var hsha512V2 = HashHelper.GetHashedBytes(HashType.SHA512, bytes, keyBytes); Console.WriteLine(hsha512V2.SequenceEqual(hsha512V1)); （编辑：拼字网 - 核心网） 【声明】本站内容均来自网络，其相关言论仅代表作者个人观点，不代表本站立场。若无意侵犯到您的权利，请及时与联系站长删除相关内容! |
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